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Require students to apply content from assigned readings

Create small groups for more in-depth online discussions

Create a physical space or online environment conducive to discussions

Assign a self-grading activity

Respond with positive reinforcement, and prompt for elaboration and clarity

Develop a grading policy or discussion forum rubric with clear criteria

Explain the role of discussion

Provide guidance to help students develop questioning skills for productive online discussions

Sequence questions to progress toward higher order thinking

Ask or post open-ended, analytical, or opinion questions to increase participation