Rationale
Accurately gauging student understanding during class is essential for effective teaching. When instructors use strategies like PAUSE (plan questions, address misconceptions, use wait time, select a range of respondents, and encourage expanded answers), they can make student thinking visible and respond in real time. Pairing these approaches with classroom assessment techniques, such as the One-Minute Paper or Muddiest Point, helps both instructors and students track learning progress. These formative checks improve engagement, clarify understanding, and lead to stronger learning outcomes (Black & Wiliam, 1998).